Cap-tain of the Peppers!
What are they?
Bad title I know, but I do corny so well it just works! Okay so today we’re discussing Capsicums, or Sweet Peppers in some parts of the globe. They are related to chillies and are native to the Western Hemisphere and received their ‘pepper’ name from Spanish explorers who had mistakenly believed they were related to the peppercorn. While I will admit to not overly enjoying these vegetables I can’t deny that they are actually a very healthy food to consume and have a variety of meals they can be put into (including some of the lesser healthy ones…). Capsicums can be found in numerous Asian style dishes, pasta sauces, made up into finger foods for dips, can be made into dip, and can even be found on numerous pizza recipes; this to name a few examples of its many culinary options.
The four-lobbed capsicums are the most commonly found of the sweet variety, and depending on the degree of ripeness their colour can range from green to yellow to red. Interestingly enough if picked while green a capsicum will not change in colour as they only ripen while on the vine. Capsicums will grow sweeter as they ripen, this being the reason why people will say that a red capsicum is sweeter than a green capsicum. They also come in other coloured variations such as orange and purple-brown but they are harder to come by.
Why Are They Healthy?
One medium capsicum contains around 150 kilojoules of energy, which isn’t such a bad boost of energy from a vegetable, however in terms of vitamins its content tends to vary from colour to colour. When compared to a citrus fruit (weight for weight) a capsicum actually possesses more Vitamin C than they do, with a Green Capsicum providing more than 100 per cent of the RDI (Recommended Dietary Intake) of Vitamin C – interestingly enough a Red Capsicum provides an extra 90 per cent more than the Green Cap. Once again it seems that consuming a Red Capsicum is more in your interest with their provision of around 450 RE (Retinol Equivalents), also known as Beta Carotene or Vitamin A, when compared to a Green Capsicum which only provides about 80 RE.
It has also been noted that deeply coloured capsicums are a strong deterrent for cancer related illnesses. Being high in bioflavonoids, a type of plant pigmentation, it has been shown to fight off the appearance and development of cancer, not only this but they also contain phenolic acid which inhibit the formation of cancer-causing nitrosamines, and plant sterols which are a precursor of Vitamin D which is also believed to help protect the body against cancer.
Finally capsicums also contain a healthy supply of lutein and zeaxanthin, antioxidants linked to the reduction of muscular degeneration and blindness in adults. Plus a little secret – consuming two Red Capsicums a week help reduce the signs of aging and help to keep the skins elasticity and collagen levels up.
Are there any negatives to eating Capsicums?
You know, I just don’t really think there are. I mean sure, if we were going on taste alone I might argue that they’re not everyone’s cup of tea, but that’s to be expected when peoples taste vary from person to person. Health wise you could not find a better vegetable to add to your consumption repertoire with all the benefits you stand to gain from eating them.
What types are there and how do they differ? 
Well, as I mentioned earlier there are number of different types of capsicum out there to be found. The two main colours in high supply are the Red and Green Capsicum with Yellow and Orange Capsicums being some of a situational thing (they only appear once in a while). As for Purple-Brown Capsicums I will admit to have never seeing one before in my life – but I’m really keen to see how they look!
As for how they all differ, really the major thing you need to know is that Red rules, a Red Capsicum is substantially higher in its provision of vitamins and antioxidants* than its Green counterpart. The main reason for the choice in colour for most is taste, Green Capsicums tend to be less sweet than Red Caps which is why some people prefer them instead.
References
1. http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/bell-pepper.html
2. Dr Rosemary Stanton. Readers Digest: Foods that Harm, Foods that Heal. Readers Digest (Australia) Pty Limited, 80 Bay Street, Ultimo, NSW, 2007. Page 85.
3. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodtip&dbid=68
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A











